查看完整版本: 西班牙语自学资料 a well detailed gramar

西班牙语自学资料 a well detailed gramar

这是我的西班牙老师发给我的一份学习资料，和大家一起分享
V7H*cU"^Q*L*~
q:[EgO&\5k6p$J2B$Q LESSON I.
8DMgH;TJ"Q"{+R
9y2Y"I`LY8Ik                           THE ARTICLE.
n0k2JE!l%n4a
,sSITV@N!AX +l6\WkzcY9E3x1Gc
The =Definite Article= in Spanish is\x#@,G$jlj&B

[.cq*I9^S
om&\Z'L =El= before a masculine[7] noun singular
'S|rj[0E;N'| =La=  "       feminine[7]    "    "
4MXj%~JV [!}
#muUh&@T4f A%t1pD
ed!A ^? v;GM-a!} [Footnote 7: Spanish nouns are all masculine or feminine. There are no"I/`i9C/kq
_neuter nouns_.]AKg9~\8o1m
1HV3zl_A'~V
as--5N\7s.{ jPo`
2q&e@9R3u9}
El hombre (the man)--La mujer (the woman)x&H}'s+el
El libro (the book)--La pluma (the pen)
|&{&SL6f._j
)z4G2{;wt?$m

fb b[0q6\8?/{[2k
El recibo (the receipt)--La cuenta (the account)
O"B8Myg6?R
BD;nW9m+{e,Om7_ =Los= before a masculine noun pluralcKU&O(e
=Las=    "     feminine    "    "
#X!B8K$K1_8M r
S(p|-dC:t
as--GjG3qoK

V"f{XSgF Los muchachos (the boys)--Las señoras (the ladies)
Tu4V!n;xp'n6v Los géneros (the goods)--Las facturas (the invoices)m9U| K:aU*O,C
Los lápices (the pencils)--Las cartas (the letters).5iW4?I!DB3G
"H1v1BML l)ua-X
The =Indefinite Article= is--
(Z2\8j7aB9L6S
{+a%e n4I
u0Dy q+}x9Q =Un= before a masculine noun singular$kdt(rM&t@X(Fu
=Una=     "   feminine    "     "Aud4o?S
xC [:m'a P
as--
%q:S p!I6P*jN
W,|Q:H9i.x Un amigo (a friend)--Una amiga (a lady-friend)
Gah+nA1@j Un padre (a father)--Una madre (a mother)|oW Y\(cD'T
8m&v8K-_A5m3DCRU3}:v
!fv_X;i6_ u
The Indefinite Article has no plural, but the Spanish plural forms
N8hTup)R8W4q8n "unos" (masc.) and "unas" (fem.) translate the English words "some" ort/b w;` {c\6f!e
"any," as Unos hermanos (some brothers), Unas hermanas (some sisters),
n$H$c3?T$Zc Unos tinteros (some inkstands), Unas mesas (some tables). (The Spanish9Lc$NR!K\?0bp W-q'y
words "Algunos," "Algunas," are also used for the same purpose.)
7YQfjuMZ+_ uP&]yCN
NOTE 1.--Before a feminine noun _singular_ commencing with _a_ or _ha_
r[n#v{f(}SJ use =El= and =Un= instead of _La_ and _Una_ if such nouns are _stressed8KV y nhM}8{\
on the first syllable_, as El águila (the eagle), El agua (the water),w ZYEN?*EUr
El alma (the soul). (The plural is regular, as Las águilas (theTzaq't,~
eagles).)PC}7U2kAIG7Ou%i
l?!dI!N`*I
NOTE 2.--The Definite Article has a "neuter form" which is =Lo=. _It S0aM'U,T5NJD+Y"c#Md
cannot be used before a noun_ but before other parts of speech used to(a#R2Y,`+]GL
e'D
represent an abstract idea, as Yo amo lo bello (I love the beautiful,
R1{a5b1nz b viz., all that which is beautiful), Lo sublime (the sublime, viz., all
W!Zm"a}+lM that which is sublime).i K)yK&F*L]B?w@b
us8zrG[
0m_MIR
                          REGULAR VERBS.
u:W%eoY#Ju:Z+r!Ct (b/s$f jSz%h
_1st Conjugation_. Hablar (to speak). _Pres. Part._ Hablando (speaking).5b/F,j3Q7D+uy2S
_Past Part._ Hablado (spoken).x#U-VD!D(h7yxB
g&mw"\1wq
_Present Tense, Indicative Mood_.X/}4l7`qaQ
#WT.uf _iZ(M
~ t%uo"l#J
Yo hablo (I speak)                 Nosotros (_m._) hablamos (we speak)*d*ws7^G"B7Ze@
                                   Nosotras (_f._) hablamos (we speak)
2j0c
S8u&pu8zt#D!K w8^X.Kvn,W
Tú hablas[8] (thou speakest)       Vosotros (_m._) habláis (you speak)
pvy7Kdjg;u                                    Vosotras (_f._) habláis (you speak)_7N(iE2qV)ZN1{A
4rj]7L)ch
Él _or_ Ella habla (he or she speaks) Ellos (_m._) hablan (they speak)'W!s0|(s q-aE%[ g{
                                      Ellas (_f._) hablan (they speak)U@xqRp$y9|V/J
Usted habla (you speak)[9].           Ustedes hablan (you speak).[9]G tRyZ
![Oq$je0]y
[Footnote 8: The second person is only used in the familiar style,eP#W E CwB.gM"kN.[
practically when in English the 2nd person would be addressed as "John"
,p}!eoAI]H b or "Frank" and not as "Mr. Smith" or "Mr. Brown."]
BA["Jkt7Ma
-@~,[+m$~_
F [Footnote 9: This is called the polite way of addressing and is the
_7Nt#Vv form in use. Note that the verb after it is in the _3rd person_,
_;rq:C l(t because "Usted," "Ustedes" (which can be abbreviated as V. Vs.) are
Ze1b)d$eT contractions of Vuestra merced (your grace), Vuestras mercedes (your$[[U0l3X2s-k+K gT
graces). V. ama = your grace _loves_.]X
FJ-o2RwO)eR
H/\]vf/K#?C
_2nd Conjugation_. Temer (to fear).
W)A5l%\Dh)tO%?
d _Pres. Part._ Temiendo.    _Past Part_. Temido.
%o y"w_M};N!yp
#Jm^/`3{1_X _Pres. Tense, Indic. Mood_.3`D }m)l7B,`.G m)lDP

*_;H3f?7Jl Yo temo         Nosotros (_m._) temenos
2S5b%p7X)N(z4n b]Y'Xy                 Nosotras (_f._) temenos
vCuE y/Z+M9P
&]MEZ3poV Tú temes        Vosotros (_m._) teméisJT3s:I8X
                Vosotras (_f._) teméisBkVIf^
?u6tM%X#L
Él teme         Ellos (_m._) temen,r"I!V;z*DLL
Ella teme       Ellas (_f._) temengFZ2?2z]vY
zm2U
&n Z%S7M8Ho){
e
V. teme         Vs. temen
QH Gj3X
{ 0d1t`ScvB
_3rd Conjugation_. Partir (to depart, to set out).
B4|3~)k[x _Pres. Part._ Partiendo.    _Past Part_. Partido.
k \bF2E7\-j (R$r%r@~&MV'NQU*d
_Pres. Tense, Indic. Mood_.+lP:y!y2V:u t[0PzME

2F4~}ndHt,T Yo parto       Nosotros (_m._) partimos
?1J-zNjt                Nosotras (_f._) partimos]"c3M`*k(L
rD8vL`j])M
Tú partes      Vosotros (_m._) partís
F v-df*jQ cE#D z                Vosotras (_f._) partís,e*j9O-Af
)b4|FZ'\
Él parte       Ellos (_m._) parten
+I+h0}$DritB'I4s Ella parte     Ellas (_f._) parten
^'}G8eTbO}| s
kwj;WlP(_9q)E$a
V. parte       Vs. parten
kl.y+Cy)O
+};u&G$^,O1\;T4p &?
E#PG IZ5P(j%vI
4|@x&]F0L
     VOCABULARY.
SO!?*xl&Hnu(OC Nwtty+c-P%R
=á=, to, at
n_Z0x
[0E w3jQ =amar=[10], to love
4c'uj3ju&|Oc =el árbol=, the treeP@b ~ha
=las botas=, the boots/A7BT#qKq
=el capitán=, the captain KaDgptq-R
=la camisa=, the shirt9`+j'tu2GNe3g
=la casaca=[11], the coat"}uggi4ssT(gvS D ]
=comprar=, to buy
6]so$mXS =la flor=, the flower
%@&oER
V^I =el hombre=, the man_y8b7H^+^$n;L
=el hermano=, the brother
(| h&A'q
r_ =la hermana=, the sister@F3]}1t"b
=el joven=, the young man
{+K1rF7gL6EM;g
=la joven=, the young woman
/^:a
H0Xq&p1h =el lápiz=, the pencil
&a&B9C,wz2Wxi =el libro=, the book
,[(C)q/}B"V =la madre=, the mother
o]})tqQR =mas=, but
8d\\4e3GU4b =más=, more%^Z@G}+|T
=la mujer=, the woman:f4s&@"hc8w
dX
=nosotros tenemos=, we have

vG}EZVX =el oro=, goldoypM'q"F_1Y'N|\
=el padre=, the father!t]ur!sZ%r&a
=los pantalones=, the trousers
+D(|{7w%A&Tl =el papel=, the paperWD(M Y;SbLT
=para=, for
aX0MHN8K|Ply =la plata=, silver-q
RE vJ|w_&d;p
=la pluma=, the pen
2M{C`E n =el sombrero=, the hat
.}0K T`[I2^H =él tiene=, he has3RSj*\b-D
=V. tiene=, you (_sing._) havej(KBM].[
=Vs. tienen=, you (_pl._) have-O~$I+vm z2c
=la tinta=, the ink X]yW+l`
=el tintero=, the inkstand:i;HM0spw+_
=*tener=,[10] to have, to possess
nwR m0T7S =yo tengo=, I haverq/F8hm V
=el viejo=, the old manT l~*H1tX
=la vieja=, the old womanzr m~]}]N([+`M
=la virtud=, virtue
&Rc;`OO!k9f_b
;B?F;Y@ [Footnote 10: The verbs given in this vocabulary and the following are
8Wq"Pn:U9E*} regular (i.e., they are conjugated respectively as the model verbs&@0z3}jS@
given) _unless they are marked with an asterisk_.]#E]/D1H(~

\:F,Dg1\ASrB [Footnote 11: _Or_ americana, _more used now_.]

看不懂~~~

MUCHOS GRACIAS!

回复 #2 dustinchan 的帖子

慢慢看就懂了，可以边学英语边学西语 :)

总结的不错，很简单，但是很实用。

Gracias. :tb12

盲目中...:tb18 :tb18

顶一个，比较抽象，用英语来解释的西语语法。还不如我去看中文解释的西语语法呢，不懂的就想想英语是怎样的，他们的相同与不同，都差不多出来了。

这个自学怎么学啊~好象很难唉~~~:tb25

回复 1# 的帖子

my god,not easy to learn quickly

[quote]原帖由 [i]LuckyLuckyLucky[/i] 于 2008-1-8 23:55 发表 [url=http://bbs.cnexp.net/redirect.php?goto=findpost&pid=1411789&ptid=60955][img]http://bbs.cnexp.net/images/common/back.gif[/img][/url]6?Bm'^.c5D?(m
my god,not easy to learn quickly [/quote]CD!{?%O7s_?v1W8q

,h#@U~n)Ex
9oQr-w(N? 好久没看到你了哎

It seems more difficult to learn than English.

看不懂啊~~~~

我正想学西班牙语呢，希望能跟楼主交流一下，397722257 我qq  希望您加我啊~~~~~

回复 13# 的帖子

我也在学西班牙语，不过这几天偷懒了，没看书 :tb25

看不懂啊，俺是一点基础都没有啊~~

[quote]原帖由 [i]myloverm[/i] 于 2006-12-28 04:08 PM 发表 [url=http://bbs.cnexp.net/redirect.php?goto=findpost&pid=501448&ptid=60955][img]http://bbs.cnexp.net/images/common/back.gif[/img][/url]
:U
Y6I#m%p MUCHOS GRACIAS! [/quote]:lw%\~'a$K+bhu

nYhO5u cBf9Q 这个好象是非常感谢的意思,不知道是不是?

我虽然没基础,但我看懂了.不过比英语语法似乎要麻烦些,什么阴性阳性词,这个搞不懂.我很想学西班牙语,很有意思.可不可以拜楼主为师:32585626,希望你加我.TKS!!!!

想学。。可是偶英语好象就已经学的不好了。。。:tb25

:tb43 完全没用头绪好难啊

看不太懂，不是很明白