函审4 e0 }9 g- [/ l) j1 v
examination by letter
g, g& u- e" s' ~( Y弃权
6 N+ U! Q+ V8 q0 l- P Uabstention ! f% l/ }3 ^/ I0 \/ }
版权. F; Q/ r, m. X: O* z
copyright
! }& x8 f$ M; n1 E9 [ F( {错误,误差+ b+ ]+ s6 F7 C
error- f, Z1 H9 `% f1 N m, Z
加贴标签
) d, q# B& r* D: {labelling
# j' `. ^3 S |) ]/ N! S, |" H) V语言" T0 W; Q! _- `: B- [
language
; H4 s0 c1 H/ V7 R, v6 e' p格式
* W! h- h% l0 alayout
4 y2 i& A; P. s9 c图纸上的文字书写 k- O5 k) U# w3 @& |5 z
lettering on drawing" x: E* t/ y$ t$ l: u* k0 z, S/ f
印刷用手稿# ^' L0 G$ p5 R5 s5 a Y
manuscript for printing
$ S6 D% K2 x. O7 J: j乘号, \4 y, P( m& `- }; a+ w
multiplication sign3 j/ Q, m* X* O+ @" r- j0 L
铭牌
: U" `) Q: q0 q8 T, }, K/ N" Pname-plate
) X7 P2 G* p8 ^! ~分委员会编号8 |) \+ d9 @( t
numbering of SCs: @, x& J2 s: G1 N$ a
技术委员会编号 g8 q+ p# [, w8 c6 G! [0 s
numbering of TCs- G; S3 T0 O; k9 |0 Z5 F, j/ G2 H( [- ?% I
数码# d& a1 s; s0 `, U" W/ e7 o
number
. N" R3 f: e; R* L数字
( k2 Z: o1 x @" P7 {numeral
2 b& i( n9 s" C" F9 K, j: ^数值+ i/ m( E4 _" {
numerical value
3 ^) T0 M& Y- z) {+ c校样/ q5 O. T3 d c
proof6 W0 _, D( K7 N
文号
0 U+ d2 j1 j" R- m- d' P; freference number
: g$ l. a$ b! S, ~) ^* S" Q" K0 r$ e- g表决报告
0 A; ]1 y g0 R$ |+ i2 q, g# M# Oreport of voting
9 z% J8 ~% n' S" I报导秘书处的情况
$ P" n9 W8 N9 U& v* L2 v! jreporting of secretariat
* _3 i, x5 L$ v# }! X3 f再版文本% K$ F6 v8 n" ? V
reprint# m7 m6 _' [1 Z
拼写/ |# M2 L: P1 I3 T+ ]3 x: f6 V/ I
spelling
: L, d6 C. y6 _9 a* @打字稿
& T" ]! N: b6 x8 Itypescript. b% ]8 a* T0 L& j' A- E
单位3 n W) L( @% p: M( D, r
unit8 o8 u* B! T" o: ~* m
词汇
7 v& L( C s% z5 ?vocabulary6 m( @7 K/ u4 n( j; \( s
适用性2 N |5 E! M7 Q" N6 Y: e* M- M
applicability( c% e7 M! v5 |8 H
产品寿命
; Z, K1 O0 {6 m' e: `8 Ilifetime of product
5 m9 M- q/ o9 T) n及时地% d, g8 u* Y+ q: K2 e
timeliness' `( q* U; h3 A( e: d1 m3 I% A5 }! i
理事会; a' X7 t1 V: m: k2 g. T
council1 i; u s7 ~+ |% v* g8 ?9 S5 s
联合技术委员会; G; l/ G3 @! b1 b5 `0 q2 U
joint technical committee
) b X$ \' I) U$ e0 a* h联合技术规划委员会+ G5 Q' J4 ]! v0 k, Z, n2 B' Z
JTPC2 a9 {& j/ y3 X6 T! [/ J1 D y& `& d
国家团体
5 b" p2 _: a( ]! Lnational body$ o S% Z' [! d2 u
分委员会" Y) h+ X2 }6 k# x$ G; i
sub-committee
% H3 v0 g2 F( d8 @! v技术委员会, g1 L' C( n& A+ Q
technical committee# P2 X. @4 [1 b O6 z P
技术管理委员会" t. Q; ]; r3 [: J
technical management board
1 F& S5 y4 \6 H) ?编辑委员会
& H4 e5 u6 m$ |. Z% V. Uediting committee* `; Q S+ M5 ~ }
工作组
6 h! G+ ^; g* j. D, z: wworking group, G5 s: y6 ^/ l+ D! |, ^8 f: E
联合工作组
' u, F$ t( y) d, D& r% a, fjoint working group$ V2 ~6 L% w' W* |) v: q" X$ U
特别小组
" d3 L% u6 T" w$ s- Ead hoc group) m1 U, d$ w- d' `: R& |& I# v
咨询小组1 |7 _' r% t" R5 f
advisory group
# V6 n6 r' K3 g3 Z协调小组
' L: a; F; L7 v- z4 C/ cconcilliation panel
( ~6 d' E! k$ e- ~- m! V$ W标准编制组$ K+ L1 j$ t7 M* b
drafting group of standard% r+ A2 U0 U9 N5 i( k6 ~& s/ x
质量4 g7 {1 K$ _, x4 r
quality
: f; N8 U! c# u: }- m1 c% ]8 k: a质量评价 h" h( i+ z9 @& Z$ T7 t6 O
quality assessment( Q3 |7 j- g# g( c/ _; ?
质量保证
$ T' ? Q7 X: H5 ~- Iquality assurance
* U+ ]0 z. y$ Y% a/ E评价型质量监督$ I( ^2 e3 U& D# k4 q7 P8 H
quality supervision for approval3 O8 w7 J3 b7 O* P& Q) o
全面质量管理; `( E4 k7 h$ E9 a
total quality control
# B3 R" R& O! j3 p质量环1 t, _0 ~) ~, S* o; ]; G0 J
quality loop$ P A: f- q9 \- j3 h& o
质量标准
" \ a3 i- ]- y3 H3 dquality standard
0 D8 u `. G: @* R1 q! M ]质量管理 O& p/ {& `! ^: [2 `
quality management; D. _5 M8 @2 X
质量监督
+ n0 f9 `* u: \ iquality supervision
* N) X: p# ?! ~4 G3 J质量检验7 M! g" P- w$ i; y9 J$ u2 q
quality inspection
3 r' d; |, E, ^% |质量控制
; D; x7 V" F% P1 i, E) a! u: u; qquality control5 F) h( B- i' x2 a: E Y8 |
质量体系; k8 D7 g3 [9 s# T
quality system7 l6 N& f" T! J8 z0 `
质量诊断
. p. f. w9 O# Fquality diagnosis
, |; O" l, _) G4 ^质量指标
! q5 o6 T" ]& g; @quality index2 `1 n! {1 n+ H( e
质量仲裁6 E$ j, z' u3 E* Z5 o! H- Y- T
quality arbitration
9 ^# f1 ^% M2 c' `质量保证体系& j, _ }/ }* s4 v4 H5 p) u
quality assurance system; U- {! q5 h' N- i! D, }
质量检验阶段2 J# j/ h: f5 F6 b9 \$ C( K& ^
quality inspecton phase
0 ^8 Z& p2 L- v5 K3 c) a质量评定规则6 Z: ~; r- Q: B& {" `2 Q4 z
rules for quality evaluation 0 }' Y& m& X9 J. {$ z
质量一致性检验& Q' R1 V- O \- G
inspecton of quality conformity
! W8 z7 Y; e' S0 w仲裁性质质量监督: ~3 l# C! K1 v$ ~1 s% E) l/ K
quality supervision for arbitration 7 y* A+ i% {$ t8 y: A
产品保护* r# [, @3 k- x; y) T" C
product protection# B5 `6 [1 i2 v8 @; ^. d3 l
产品定型/ u. x; ~- V" i+ j/ ]& X# `
product approval
- F6 r! z5 }# Z$ V7 d" y. _' |0 t- v产品分等
& K6 g- m d; S. a+ J6 Wproduct classificatin
q$ {8 j5 q9 H" Q产品规范
6 }, Y4 s0 P) F$ I- q3 t+ z- P7 Gproduct specification - a3 J+ e! J) \1 W
产品设计
: G2 Y j a4 r' Q- |7 mproduct design
7 q4 }) v( x* c产品质量7 {7 q1 B8 A1 L/ L
product quality
9 s% s8 T' T6 O# S" c0 j产品合格率7 q Z0 g) [2 N) P) `
product percent of pass
E3 Z$ n9 A0 Q: g0 i1 G, v: u产品系列化8 s0 l% G7 j' ]7 c3 r4 D, N/ u
product seriation 1 ^/ E! ?& A( t4 O; q2 [. i
产品管理标准, F8 \" q; B# o& Q& L
product management standard
$ _4 m, d& }0 T3 v8 H产品计量单位3 Z) Q2 j, c$ {- U# _
unit of measurement of product
! A' O8 I, y+ c3 v$ w产品售后服务2 o( A3 S7 l+ P$ |
after service( C% u* N" y. Y C3 |6 w( H" \0 `
产品质量标志1 }: j ~8 R( U" X% s3 w
product quality mark
+ r1 B2 b/ }! [* P, }- _产品质量标准9 M) B% D5 J! P4 P" \! B
product quality standard+ L" m! B/ ?+ _) l
产品质量管理
' V) \6 ]4 t5 g7 cproduct quality management
( A Z$ Z5 h8 m. w- E产品质量检验
* w' ~) m& y2 }3 j: G/ r# c5 ~product quality inspection
, |. o& x1 A0 V4 \! m C+ x产品质量监督检验& _+ H) U( l% ?, [9 E+ P
product quality supervision and inspection
1 m W! L* @. i0 M3 x产品质量认证标志2 u6 G: ]- g& t/ l" j; R6 B
certification marking of product quality, @1 M7 F+ D: M; u0 @0 B- T0 L! u: Y
产品质量认证程序
$ _) c+ ~% E3 z) ? @/ l1 ^certification procedure of product quality
# h; m B) |6 p% Z( ^) l% k4 `产品质量认证制度
& D0 Y1 n+ {' r" G4 _3 ncertification system of product quality
: o J' P5 b7 F. o1 c认证$ y7 E% c: f/ c0 L- @# }' |, H
certification / q# v' y' r* M! Q
立法
$ |8 A- h. Z& g$ D* }legislation 4 g# U1 t9 r/ `: l0 W m* C8 V
自行认证; t0 E0 y) I3 E! n5 x, u; _4 |4 S3 ~
self-certification
; M2 d- `" |, T认可
) s1 i# D, |- M% Qaccreditation - Q9 V. T( E2 _+ y4 z& r* g
安全认证
- ~/ O4 `# p8 F! fsafety certification ) F% z% y+ v- L V2 a0 M& K+ W( h
安全认证标志( |' E; |2 x L
mark of safety certification
4 E4 B- { R* i% [强制性认证; R& M/ [' e/ L+ Y, t
compulsory certificate* }% M' {' G! d
实验室鉴定" H! l8 H( t" r8 Z$ H. n
laboratory qualification & l3 l2 Q) E! H9 u
实验室认证
7 x$ R7 ]8 `% O1 Q$ O; c2 `4 y1 a" _6 Xlaboratory certification
7 A5 j% N' j7 U& Z8 o4 _# B0 x自愿认证制
/ P" S( Q }& Yvoluntary system of certification
6 }+ ~0 ~2 e0 o( |5 I法规机构1 i. i9 K8 w0 m3 M l* I( i
regulatory authorities6 V5 Z }6 V9 T# b9 n! [* [* e
认证活动
8 K6 [5 _/ G5 H* q( q& S8 @& U. Tcertification activity
# G! v& n; Y, U, k5 y认证体系
( u, O6 S1 ]5 V/ j2 Vcertification system5 M( i5 V5 r7 E
认证计划& w4 z' M/ e4 U+ j
certification scheme; ^1 L8 L3 b- D$ W; c1 y
认证机构
2 Q. e4 [! d7 c, acertification body
2 l) Z8 M- c3 j# j7 f8 ?. @: l检验机构+ w) a* ]' v: U3 M& x
inspecton body( n9 ]2 a% V* i# f* e2 ?- ]$ j; u
许可证6 F& O. ?2 X- w5 {9 Z0 z
licence
6 z! g/ Q$ m6 P& \' m2 s申请人! S2 D) m! ~& C2 l
applicant
. M, f( `- r7 a( t: f( T+ W许可证持有者
% t) U' ^# ?% b& n8 n6 f9 B, \licensee
1 [( k& L v3 P+ D& W5 H合格证书
, n" Z5 i; q: _! w/ D9 L, Y, n4 ^certificate of conformity- F/ m# |( n7 Q$ p2 E" w7 M: c
合格标记
; Y: Y4 z2 y- Ymark of conformity
/ [4 D J7 h. O0 C5 t q. G, g3 m认证体系的利用1 K; N4 Z# Z$ f& L
access to certification system
( u. a2 @) ]( N q6 z3 C+ M认证体系的参与者, c( q; u4 J( R& i0 m
participant in certification system1 l( s6 f6 ^; {9 @! H( p9 a
认证体系的成员
8 j. _6 A5 F5 G' Y! j( Mmember of certification system/ h% z" D( N. m' Z5 L
批准
3 w ~" ?% K! ?approval7 Y7 k4 I! S8 v% w# G/ A0 S
型式批准
4 J1 \# i1 d* n: Vtype approval+ h% _' b5 v; A: d
测试实验室的认可7 {$ a# i# x8 q6 Y' w
accreditation of testing laboratory; v/ B5 q5 [4 C: y( X
认可
2 Z8 w4 K0 V, p5 v8 y I* P9 zaccreditation
0 L/ l m$ T0 a) T2 _, [5 D认可体系0 z3 k* G2 i) L# f8 F7 t
accreditation system# x/ o k0 E# e# u' E3 e( p
认可机构
5 c! ~$ ]$ {5 R! `) ~1 f2 |accreditation body& J$ ^& _7 [2 H5 R6 x! N
认可的实验室
( ]: q+ [5 ], N8 l' ^accredited laboratory u8 ~1 |7 @" V( S, o8 p
认可准则/ K! V- s0 }( S: y
acreditatin criteria w3 R: R6 b5 k3 V; c, d
实验室评定
* ~; ^6 M, g5 O" W# ^laboratory assessment
9 f, E' q. Q& h& G! n实验室评定者+ e* @' j* m9 Q- v) X
laboratory assessor9 B8 d, x7 z' j8 X5 g
认可的实验室的试验报告$ y7 V# ?) u+ E- F) C- }% r
accredited laboratory test report9 w3 S& n |: u+ u3 ^# v: V
批准签署人5 Q3 \+ V7 o/ M2 l9 y8 n1 p: ~
approved signatory# G* y1 j8 M; F7 N1 s
承认和批准协议6 O) v$ P4 Z5 b4 H- Y I
recognition and approval arrangement
( q Y1 S) @% s承认协议
3 Z: e, e, m! vrecognition arrangement
0 S4 H( h3 e% i) S% N单边协议
+ f# L g, X: c0 W) Z% ^" tunilateral arrangement$ x3 F! J+ `* X" i5 r
双边协议
: y3 ~7 Z$ X g5 f& Rbilateral arrangement" Y. D8 ^' }. w) Q0 Y- O' m) J
多边协议
% S/ C h b2 h1 o5 C8 T4 @1 }* Jmultilateral arrangemetn$ q3 D: Z! N" a
互利
e. T4 r d, ]/ K' ]6 z, Treciprocity
: W- w* ?( T! s, N平等待遇( A5 [9 f, B8 c" t
equal treatmetn
; a$ |' }" _$ m5 J l国家待遇( p7 B+ ~$ g# o! x. T- \
national treatment
6 F) C" y" r7 ~8 m9 `国家和平等待遇
/ J2 M5 J& i/ S9 n5 D- \& i% enational and equal treatment( l0 l5 h, @9 @
合格及有关的通用概念' W2 c, M+ ^, m. g7 d
conformity and related general concept
9 H/ j) E$ t! D& [3 q合格
6 K y0 [9 V8 x0 M5 n) z. u; Xconformity: [- l; e* z1 j) v5 t- _2 p4 }
合格测试, A0 j9 _" f% v$ R# k
conformity testing
4 h: W5 x3 H$ A/ _: x合格
$ Z: |. \( S3 l Gacceptable
, N/ a2 s! \* D) {合格品
* R/ S5 A; {* I5 F9 V4 Wacceptable part& D! l# {! R7 q @ s/ z
合格标志4 T* B1 N* H3 L* u1 C4 |) L" w
mark of conformity5 e p# L$ O( F& B# L
合格认证6 x, [ _3 m9 y- [; g% q5 N
conformity certification
& I$ W/ Q9 h5 l: H& K9 M) Z合格认证标志
/ _) s: x5 |% v2 T( j8 Imark of conformity certification
: P" _; `( c: ]合格品标志
1 L* } C& I! M" g' bmark of acceptable product! p* t1 P% [) W2 c2 i5 d
合格证书
+ u8 N) B9 t) p5 Acertificate of conformity
8 D8 J }& D7 D5 ~8 ~7 V合格证检查2 R- }0 W; U; m4 A( h! Q
inspection by certificate
. q/ ]" l. ~' `- g合格质量检查3 N/ U: c% d, k' J# V! T- h$ c
acceptable quality level1 ?5 ~3 f8 D$ |7 e; p4 M
评定合格
+ h. n$ m3 N$ d- |: c. y: [% S8 hassessment of conformity5 O' A8 H* r' y% s; W" h
合格评定
6 `/ G9 K) J& F0 c3 C* s: N0 Wconformity assessment
4 M: }) E2 n* c" m" |9 b/ r型式评价
, o" G- S. S" H1 T: i7 o! ytype evaluation
0 m+ P. d$ u& @- D合格监督
$ c7 [2 @- e$ c: Lconformity surveillance
1 k6 B" w7 Y/ n8 z合格证明0 C' G7 P5 P# i! a+ _ u* ]
verification of conformity; I+ J- J6 Q, w) S* y; H R
合格保证7 R. q4 I' k1 Z2 l# Y2 B* W
assurance of conformity" H$ K' v1 r3 s4 }1 B4 K7 s1 S2 v
供货商声明3 h0 ^0 {, f9 h% s. W3 w, L+ N2 Y5 f
supplier's declaration ( c2 d f( u* M' r; w, W: ^' u7 s
生产许可证
1 _; @3 @+ L6 Lproduction licence
: x8 _' _$ s# I2 s; F一致
( p. _+ H& e* i1 J3 d: `' Q: n: @: uconsensus8 a4 s& G! @) X1 `: F
检验
5 L. g& a2 r0 x- J( z& winspection 1 P5 y' t; \- T; E
不定期检验
, Z+ L' n$ Z% ?# _" \9 Q" Wnonperiodic inspection
W5 C0 S. t* `$ o1 b' c抽样检验
0 h3 @/ o+ F/ j# m4 b* v" n4 Ysampling inspection 0 E- M, H6 v) z3 p8 u% o
出厂检验, {: G/ ^( k0 V' R% i) O2 \
exfactory inspection
( S6 f# J/ u \! |2 S" U: c第一方检验
0 B3 n4 ?; R" W* T' h, {) I$ Lfirst party inspection
0 s7 r, u' y, U- N5 N) c第二方检验
, Z- T, M _' [second party inspection / r; X X5 S6 G' r
第三方检验
# W. W2 e+ f$ ^third party inspection
, m% h* D7 k0 q. q# k第三方认证制度
! C2 w6 h- ]6 X" Y2 dthird pary certification
3 A$ j! _8 Z, S% ?4 K2 T3 ^定期检验% N+ {% c! a" J% s Q. u! E, C
periodic inspection 1 r, H% Q- s. C3 M9 a
交收检验
& p- \9 A6 J( u9 q" f7 | cacceptance inspeciton
# U8 w5 Q$ M7 \6 n例行检验8 Q) e6 n& [ ?0 J/ S! D; R0 C
routine inspeciton
9 n M6 u2 V5 E" Q生产检验7 }- K# s& f7 h2 A& B
produciton inspeciton
! \# j- B% }7 B* O2 X生产定型检验* l& S% t8 Q" Z4 D4 a9 l# _
production approval inspeciton/ J! {0 G& R* n: h0 K
验收检验
( M5 [& f$ y3 I5 P$ J$ }6 M: bacceptance inspeciton
9 J9 w- c* r* H9 K验证检验2 R3 k6 v* {- B3 ^" ]% \$ t( T
compliance test7 t& l3 f% l% `
仲裁检验
4 `( \) W; u0 o5 Y& S5 Xarbitration inspection
: d$ @6 a8 ^3 n, F+ c6 H制造商担保
: @ H6 t0 D% S3 T& tguarantee by manufacturer
* @; \9 f# _1 J6 B百分比抽样检查
/ c& c6 O3 K% h. xpercent sampling inspection
2 X2 j: _8 Z% Y不合格判定数; u# j. D5 h, k3 @ o
rejection number
0 P$ ?( O* o* W! S5 L不合格质量水平
) m+ P" Q& o% n- G9 |rejecton quality level6 O2 c$ e. S `. O) S2 R5 [: s8 p4 ?: A# o
抽查型质量监督
8 `: ?. l& I4 y1 H8 esampling quality supervision 6 a2 `9 u, d* w) A. |- t5 A2 B
环境监测
6 ]. {. J. X. W7 Y( Zenvironmental monitoring
2 h' E5 L4 R9 n/ g( I) z( ^" ?2 f" C抽样
# S+ {; s' Y0 i4 ~( ~$ zsampling9 k% ?6 ^" y7 [# y. h/ {2 v8 V
多次抽样$ Q( U, F: ^3 a+ s; ]- B1 q; _3 B) K
multiple sampling2 f% i9 F% V/ H) f- p
分层抽样
7 @5 _6 q8 c" D: `$ mstratified sampling
@5 g3 |/ i m v. o% h7 e4 n分层随机抽样
/ D3 E" v9 r. t, k4 V+ Hstratified random smapling9 G2 p1 s/ M8 i* X9 O x* ^, U- u
多级抽样
7 c2 X2 t# }' i) Y$ y! o4 `multistage sampling9 K' b6 U' x" Y& A9 ~3 F) k
二次抽样& o6 q; e! |# b' k
double sampling
3 @! y$ Y4 k M) J3 C' A试件5 Y$ e7 i9 y8 f2 p
test piece
& [* ^; m; N3 \7 C7 O试验报告
2 R/ V2 H u: n% Q* A" `/ b t, Q3 Qtest report
# f7 j: i) K3 J, O, z5 `8 R. E试样
. K. e5 L0 [$ _& p; b' m2 p4 Ytest sample+ o8 x; b! U- K y# s0 p2 ?* i
测试设备
6 h$ G) n1 J8 E. \" p+ ]3 f: wtesting equipment& B9 o9 J$ u( S
测试试验室$ ^8 Y- B0 L& A
testing laboratority
8 j! V2 b) v w5 R; c商标
' c1 S, W' @2 {: Ltrademark* G% V7 P( E& [2 a. z2 @( F
商品名称
1 n: r9 e7 x( J; N* I ltrade-name
# b) Z; d0 G+ ]3 p! G- `测试+ m7 T; s3 W2 k! K2 [; c4 L( U
testing4 u* m8 l. \0 i
试验/ g l: _( S/ p! M/ g/ x: I
test
$ L$ z# o4 g6 G0 Z3 A6 |实验室间的试验比较
- P3 x+ M5 a0 O9 J ^ n2 kinterlaboratory test comparisons
% g$ ?0 |; K6 h g+ j# N$ i熟练水平试验7 x. J8 ?5 ^6 B2 m
proficiency testing
8 n. y, v( L" J* L次品, @) U+ ]1 g; W8 H0 |0 q
defective product
1 D! D& Y( Z( g, A1 `代用产品
{. ]' J3 a' y6 ?; l% f) Asubstitute product
9 C0 D0 n+ t- Q/ ~) q5 z( y定量试验
8 W% @: i/ ? ], e. K2 R& iquantitative test
# _8 M2 N# g' b) A& p出口管理
* s$ ]0 I& a7 w7 C5 hexport control0 b- |# y# t" v. J, K8 t8 Q/ I
出口许可证制度
3 W3 }& i" V, Oexport control
# s2 S2 X7 c( E/ M1 d( p5 R+ J进口许可证制度 T ~1 {& @; O( E% p: ^, V
import licence system% z) @8 C* A8 H9 ^. J
定额管理
8 K, `! p, K3 Z M$ m9 y3 \quota management& u4 O- N" u5 X5 q
非关税壁垒
( u. U" D% ~- Q* F' M1 _8 Anon-tarrif barrier( \ G* V) G% z; p- l6 [
关税壁垒7 U8 q) B* A$ q- F; W9 W1 p: Z
tariff barrier
j3 u: }% ]) Q1 ]关税普遍优惠制7 s8 ~ v M+ A, D% i, ^' h2 j
general preferential duties9 U* t5 B9 o& W7 x8 G: y
国际商品协定
2 E2 b( L! j6 yinternational commerce agreement
- K2 q7 D$ \# A [, W$ z+ y1 x/ d国际商事仲裁+ a. v D+ p# [+ s
international commerce arbitration : c7 a) `! A1 \7 B! }" a& w' p. ]+ Y; W
对外贸易: b0 q9 `& x% h( L
foreign trade
1 T7 G6 X K1 r2 f% q j2 h( I对外贸易管理8 S0 P2 o( E% t3 R" a7 y1 \$ v; C
foreign trade control
' h) U' F. Y- w# p$ U法人
) |; o) h) \/ O$ D7 F0 m# Vlegal body (person, entity)" G7 Y x' [& W- P% d
名牌产品; A4 e( z! K0 B4 o+ Z
brand-name product! u. K' @9 a0 f/ x
国际贸易惯例
]1 q& L9 {' j- bconvention of international trade5 l3 e3 W- y# F8 Q* h
技术转让
% Z, M* Z* Q, N. [technologh transfer
- C0 O0 P- _( F9 V" ?技术协议书
1 y( e7 B. O! M) V; j; N- P0 ~technical agreemetn
2 N2 n5 B. C( c: ~技术经济指标
4 f& Q1 {! Y6 P" @# ^& Ktechnical -economic index5 {! L* o% l4 K$ ]( c& m
金属热处理0 `# ^) ]( |+ b) ?
metal heat treatmetn3 ?8 R9 m* T5 I: j l2 w& g
整体热处理
3 J" B. `7 m: N" X7 k" Ubulk heat treatmetn
8 }0 T! e. x1 a8 N" c5 _8 S# r化学热处理2 K8 g1 L3 p% M: |3 n
thermo-chemical treatment6 ^$ L1 I. c/ |9 s1 a w
扩散层
$ t: f) M0 j8 M! ] |diffusion zone% x' c9 Z+ ?5 v6 e; z
局部热处理1 b3 G! c9 ?- |! T9 d+ n
local heat treatmetn
8 |; s1 B1 i- z% O0 N! r. K* \预备热处理4 f: K! m/ i$ _! V- {. z
conditioning treatment$ m9 G& L- E/ o, @7 G
气氛热处理
4 h! R# _( a" q# ]1 P, [% latmosphere heat treatment4 n6 Z. R/ x" ~, J
等离子热处理/ L4 {8 w7 l7 j6 J+ X0 }: \
plasma heat treatment6 F6 p0 i" h' ~0 ~: N
形变热处理
/ I" s% `; G5 nthermomechanical treatment(TMT)
- f% m4 Z) r7 Z) b热处理工艺周期
/ P' s3 |6 q, F1 ythermal cycle+ p r' k6 C% L3 }' \
升温时间, f' v+ c8 U. {
heating-up time5 H0 x+ Y3 v% |$ a" _1 C, v
穿透加热
0 F3 D, q# T# }9 g% C2 T [through heating1 z3 l$ S5 y/ w8 L$ j' q ?$ z
差温加热" `9 B' I) F# E$ G! s
differential heating, D/ W" j6 ~# T4 H! q. d
保温
9 b) v: }) K8 Y" Nholding* R$ {' s0 B7 A9 x5 m9 o. @% H
奥氏体化3 k9 o O7 s) r4 X/ }- p, Y
austenitizing0 q' @ P+ n* m6 j
吸热式气氛 Z3 _3 D7 r1 _' ]: z
endothermic atmosphere
' }( P7 i V @' i2 X! r+ u5 b放热式气氛
# }5 D0 N9 K& h- g9 J9 R3 Y# t9 Aexothermic atmosphere& n0 K3 |+ D6 G, R: P T
马氏体临界冷却速度" {% e1 n# E9 d: B
critical cooling rate' q& V6 W# Y: e/ Q' I9 A/ J
风冷
! e0 w! U# ~" {( M p7 y6 C. t, g& l$ n; tforced air cooling7 p. @& x3 L# X4 d( C' r! G
等温转变
5 m' z4 f! m0 L9 N' Iisothermal transformation
8 f2 m& D7 L: } Q; k退火
( U) h: X8 i4 \2 w' _+ Iannealing
6 f$ q& z' @1 x! Z7 S淬火/ e3 A' |+ t7 I3 @. e
quench hardening/ Q- f: a; I! S, e c% K
预防白点退火" Q; R g- s3 S8 X. J
hydrogen-relief annealing- p ^' x0 }) X7 S
深冷处理(冷处理)
9 f3 b+ a- ^, J: m5 }, q6 [9 Hsubzero treatment
2 Y5 n/ u/ H8 z/ Y淬硬层: n4 j& o2 z @
quench-hardened case
# y+ ~* r5 `5 e5 @! q+ ?调质! a. `% p6 E" s3 ]+ \
quenching and tempering
; Y8 u; Q0 h1 N3 ]* z1 O0 p时效+ O$ Q3 l' Q* ]
ageing
( n* Z) H0 c! e) R形变时效! c6 r. C0 i( @' x& T' O
strain ageing
& }, ?& x7 ?& `. z( n, S天然时效/ f& U# m( K5 C- o$ d- ~. P
seasoning7 c& n- n! ^, c/ p) j0 h
炭墨 p5 B w5 d0 |7 X( X2 |0 k, I$ M
soot
! x0 f$ \+ o g* q$ V4 y3 q冷脆
2 D; [! w: n' J# q- b" wcold brittleness) c1 S* ?" k. d8 `' q$ X g( ^
蓝脆& f3 X( \& T* t; p$ ]
blue shortness/ N+ Y2 f( |. p- e0 t
复碳
9 O% ^7 K$ R! y8 i0 e( zcarbon restoration H2 ] v7 G0 i$ G
强渗期
0 j/ M! K+ d" a& C( w' gcarburazing period) ]! l. Y; M0 i5 |' Z
渗氮( B0 H% o0 {3 I8 V& T" E
nitriding
( f- q/ o8 _" I! G渗硼
1 i( ] \0 F* n# k5 ^' N3 k) y+ u0 f2 fsulphurizing9 h( m d" e/ i, Y" J% z) k
渗硅
' _. b6 D+ Y" q) M* l/ ` esiliconizing
- R G2 l7 `/ g渗硫
s, [1 t) G: x vsulphurizing; T: E1 F2 ^! f" Z" _7 I, u% F
碳氮共渗
4 ^" b/ C$ u& t5 l9 O2 F; `carbonitriding
: `* P. H; p( o' O& }$ ^. [氰化/ S2 k( x9 e, w) P, @& @
cyaniding
/ _' H8 _1 w1 O5 l* Z$ M0 W金相检验
7 ?# V, j* t9 D" imetallographic examination* a9 q' ?. e, n; E
相变点% _- ?3 C& F$ e- B( t6 I: s
transformation temperature3 \& e; T6 z4 j' M
共晶组织9 T5 O( |" d% }5 x
eutectic structure: l* P2 u8 x4 \) H5 m, v* A
亚组织3 }: \/ `% i$ v# P$ C
substructure
( h/ [$ C& b$ C* Q0 ~, C* p) ~断口, u0 k* w7 S0 z7 R
fracture surface7 U2 G" q' }2 q. `3 J! c( a7 v
基体$ T$ I* E1 o+ s
matrix) l5 q3 W: L& N# F8 I. e& ]
晶界
& H; [ x0 l: s: _2 y' Kgrain boundary" d1 _2 _; X4 [( r
晶粒号
$ K* w) |- O/ F0 R8 Tgrain size number: n0 r4 K+ L/ N* z8 T
莱氏体
7 d9 n1 \ S' o2 d; b( ]& K$ z* vledeburite
: f& v1 E. f$ o1 n# |马氏体5 M" n3 ^& Q) O$ e H7 h# K9 l
martensite/ P1 |! _# d F" }* S T5 b
渗碳体- Y5 ^. E" x) H6 _$ H$ Z5 ~$ J8 ?5 {
cementite
. o" |7 x) C$ m; g三元碳化物
. {! G z- z N- Z( [double carbide
$ Y! g3 f9 y3 K% C' ] d$ k铁素体
9 p9 X- ?# b% Y( w( |4 Z+ \ferrite
' z% u. p3 _8 R5 C& v) ?索氏体
* A1 s. ~0 z; q0 g Yvery fine pearlite
( M1 h8 i; R8 N4 G9 X珠光体
) t, j8 ]6 }9 k+ g _, Kpearlite8 P; |3 j8 k- g! c% D, W/ f& Y3 T
渗氮剂
5 K. c9 O5 W+ F2 v$ tnitriding medium
) ]1 M+ I9 O9 t1 S洗涤剂
; I V4 b; _: a5 D' M. `detergent
; ~5 @! A4 L) l% j酸洗剂
& F% r! {) N" n, B. l% N( ~8 U; zpickling agent
& x: b* G4 Q5 i2 k' f防锈剂
( N2 c# ?( M% v2 _9 Qrust preventive9 B' N3 S6 J1 B$ W
添加剂
/ N5 l, Y/ g* Naddictive4 B- O; P" M. H* j
缓蚀剂
0 j3 }5 X. G1 {4 @1 Hinhibiter